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ELEKTRONIKA, ENERGETYKA, ELEKTROTECHNIKA ›
PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY › 2007-11
 

Publikacja: Parallel methods for matrix computations obtained in FEM
Autor: Jarosław WENCEL  Jakub SMYKOWSKI  Piotr KATARZYŃSKI  Grzegorz SZYMAŃSKI  

The paper presents methods which could be used to accelerate solving models of electromagnetic devices. The modelling technique is discussed both with the most crucial parts of modelling process. The most cost-effective computational issues are spread to solve them using several parallel solvers. Two libraries for distributed computing were used in calculations to compare their speed and effecti[...]

 

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POZOSTAŁE PUBLIKACJE W TYM ZESZYCIE:
A constraint propagation algorithm for determining the stability margin of linear parameter circuits and systems
 
Lubomir KOLEV  Simona FILIPOVA-PETRAKIEVA  
The paper addresses the stability margin assessment for linear systems under interval parameter uncertainties. The original stability problem is initially transformed into an equivalent problem of estimating the eigenvalues ranges of matrices whose elements are non-linear functions of independent interval parameters. A new algorithm for finding the exact value of stability margin (within error b[...]
 
A multiobjective approach to the shape design of HTSC magnetic bearings
 
Paolo DI BARBA  Ryszard PAŁKA  
The shape design of the excitation system of a high-temperature-superconductor (HTSC) magnetic bearing is revisited in terms of multiobjective design. It is proven how the concept of non-dominated solution, helps the designer to represent the feasible region in the objective space and identify its boundary. At the end of the proposed design procedure, a set of optimal geometries of the device - [...]
 
A posteriori error estimators in finite element method for time and frequency domain
 
Konstanty Marek GAWRYLCZYK  Fawwaz ALKHATIB  
The work presents discretization error estimators implemented in adaptive algorithm designed for refinement of 2-D and 3-D meshes used for frequency and transient analysis of electromagnetic fields. Magnetic flux density and information from sensitivity analysis are used as an error indicator. The adaptive algorithm was applied on different numerical examples, the results of the analysis show th[...]
 
Adjoint models in the time domain sensitivity analysis utilizing FEM for the identification of material conductivity distribution
 
Konstanty Marek GAWRYLCZYK  Mateusz KUGLER  
The paper deals with numerical aspects of the sensitivity analysis in time domain. The dependence of adjoint model excitation from the way of the magnetic field measurement is discussed. The structure of adjoint model bases on a version of Tellegen's theorem for electromagnetic field theory. Proposed method finds application in inverse tasks of conductive material testing using eddy-currents. S[...]
 
Analysis of magnetic field inside of vessel during degaussing process
 
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The magnetic field inside the vessel during the degaussing process may be harmful to electronic devices. The degaussing process is crucial for the minimization of the permanent magnetization of the vessel. The results of the analysis of the magnetic field inside the vessel during the degaussing process are presented in this paper. The analysis of the magnetic field was performed in OPERA 3D. St[...]
 
Analysis of signal competition in asynchronous ultra high-speed digital circuits
 
Valeri MLADENOV1  Krasimira FILIPOVA  Simona PETRAKIEVA  Boyko DIMOV  F.Hermann UHLMANN  
In this paper, we propose an approach for detection of signal competition within asynchronous ultra high-speed digital circuits using a pulse data coding. The circuits considered are modeled by the corresponding directed graph with each asynchronous gate presented by a vertex and each signal line - by an edge. The approach is based on finding all different path pairs between every pair of vertic[...]
 
Application of minimization methods in modeling of converter drives
 
Ryszard BENIAK  Andrzej WAINDOK  Jan ZIMON  
Along with development of power electronics, drives are growing in structural and operational complexity. For research of dynamical efficiency of drives and their control accuracy, mathematical modeling methods are applied. In order to attain credible modeling results, software allowing swift and precise dynamical process simulation should be created. Owing to scarceness of state-structural meth[...]
 
Classification method for linear model of alternator
 
Konrad SKOWRONEK  Artur WOŹNIAK  
The paper presents an attempt to implement the classification method for linear diagnostic model of alternator. Method basis on the signal feature extractions, with the use of frequency methods, with selection of the variables basis on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA). The consideration has been carried out on the grounds of the faults of a bridge-recti[...]
 
Comparison of selected weld defects extraction methods
 
Ryszard SIKORA  Tomasz CHADY  Piotr BANIUKIEWICZ  Przemysław ŁOPATO  Marcin CARYK  Kamil ŚWIADEK  Wojciech RUCIŃSKI  
Following paper describes three different methods used for detection of welds defects. Those are Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and background removing. They operate on digital radiographs. Detection methods described here are differentiated by the time consumption and results achieved. Streszczenie. Artykuł prezentuje trzy różne metody stosowane w procesie detekcji wad w spawach wykor[...]
 
Comparison of the PMSM drives by means of generalized express method and power density criterion
 
Valery CHRISANOV  Piotr SZYMCZAK  Wlodzimierz KAMINSKI  
The paper is devoted to a time effective comparison of the different radial and axial PMSM configurations with the aim of revealing the more progressive and approved approach to optimal design of high performance motor drives. A new generalized express method, based on the geometrical sizes and power density relationship is described and applied for the comparison of the PMSM. Derived a simple a[...]
 
Computer controlled eddy current system for evaluation of low-conductivity materials
 
Tomasz CHADY  Ireneusz SPYCHALSKI  
An eddy current system for testing low-conductivity materials is described in this paper. The system consists of differential transducer and computer controlled measuring unit. Because of weak signals a new design of transducer with higher immunity to external fields and noises was proposed. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiony został wiroprądowy system do testowania materiałów słabo-przewodz[...]
 
Computer vision in parallel computing
 
Michał PODPORA  
Computer vision is known to be a CPU power consuming task. Real-time video capturing, filtering and converting take so much time that creating a substantial artificial intelligence algorithm seems to be unrealisable. In this article author considers using a cluster in a computer vision project, advantages and disadvantages of this solution. He explains some ideas about minimization of amount of [...]
 
Concept of mapped Infinite Elements incorporated into Boundary Element Method
 
Maciej PAŃCZYK  Jan SIKORA  
Incorporation of Infinite Elements into Boundary Element Method (BEM) requires to introduce special mapping functions or combination of standard shape function and decay functions for infinite region. The concept of mapped infinite elements usage and their implication for calculation steps in BEM will be presented. Results will be illustrated by two-dimensional example. It is to clarify the appl[...]
 
Configurations of slotless permanent magnet motors with counter-rotating rotors for ship propulsion drives
 
Piotr PAPLICKI  
This paper describes configurations of permanent magnet motors with counter-rotating rotors. Innovative applications of maritime object’s drives constructions with slotless disc and cylindrical (dual-rotor) counter-rotating electrical machines based on permanent magnets were proposed. For these kinds of motors, the ship propulsion drive is a very interesting application, especially for con[...]
 
Control of active serial compensation system with application of Kalman filters
 
Łukasz NYCZKOWSKI  Ryszard PORADA  
The aim of serial compensation is improving the voltage flow in a given network node. Such units are both to protect the whole of the network against the negative influence of non-linear receivers and to protect the receivers against distortions coming from the network. This paper shows the methods using the techniques of adaptive digital filters i.e. Kalman's filtration algorithms. Simula[...]
 
Conversion of Hammerstein models in electrical systems
 
Piotr ŚWISZCZ  Janusz WALCZAK  
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Coreless axial flux PM machine with two external rotors
 
Piotr CIERZNIEWSKI  
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Coupled field in induction heating system
 
Rumena STANCHEVA  Ilona IACHEVA  Ilonka LILIANOVA  Hristophor TAHRILOV  
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Design aspects of synchronous machine drives for hybrid vehicles
 
Henning WOEHL-BRUHN  Wolf-Ruediger CANDERS  
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Boyko DIMOV  Valeri MLADENOV  Thomas ORTLEPP  F. Hermann UHLMANN  
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Agnieszka DURAJ  Andrzej KRAWCZYK  
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Diabetic supervision system
 
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Disc-type permanent magnet electrical machines
 
Anatolij AFONIN  
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Electrical power forecasting for small energetic railway region using SVM
 
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Evaluation of the accuracy of hysteresis models by the use of relative residual analysis
 
Zdzisław WŁODARSKI  Andrzej BRYKALSKI  Jadwiga WŁODARSKA  
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Finite Difference Time Domain Method for high resolution modeling of low frequency electric induction in humans
 
Arkadiusz MIASKOWSKI  Andrzej KRAWCZYK  
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Fluxgate sensor based on a special ring core made of nanocrystalline metal ribbons
 
Stanisław MOSKOWICZ  
In the paper the design and results of tests carried out on a fluxgate-based compensating sensor of magnetic field intensity built around a ring core made of Finemet type ribbon are presented. The core is featured by radially and regularly arranged holes. Such a design makes it possible to magnetize portions of the core by coiling magnetizing windings and creating a virtual gap. Streszczenie. W[...]
 
Graphical model editing for 3D electromagnetic devices
 
Jarosław WENCEL  Piotr KATARZYŃSKI  Adam TURKOT  
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ICA method and RBF neural network for prediction improvement
 
Ryszard SZUPILUK  Krzysztof SIWEK  Piotr WOJEWNIK  Tomasz ZĄBKOWSKI  
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Image construction problems in ultrasound tomography
 
Krzysztof POLAKOWSKI  Jan SIKORA  Stefan F. FILIPOWICZ  
An application of ultrasonic tomography for the velocity profile image construction of gas flowing in circular pipe is discussed in this paper. Usually ultrasonic flowmeters are measuring the average velocity in the axial direction. Authors have extended the idea of measurement of an average speed flow to the idea of measuring a speed profile in a cross section of the pipe. This idea directly le[...]
 
Impedance tomography data acquisition system for brick walls humidity level evaluation
 
Katarzyna BIERNAT  Konrad NITA  Jan SIKORA  Stefan WÓJTOWICZ  
The functional structure of the impedance tomography data acquisition system for measuring distribution of moisture in brick's walls is presented. The measuring system is equipped with current and voltage electrodes of a special design adapted for different construction materials, with an automatic switch of measuring channels and with an analog-to-digital converter. The image is obtained [...]
 
Influence of circuit breaker operation upon transformer's residual flux and inrush current
 
Jacek HORISZNY  
The paper presents a model and computation results of current and magnetic flux for a system containing a three-phase transformer and a circuit breaker. In order to consider arc's influence on simulated phenomena, a circuital model of breaker with arc was created. Arc's model was built basing on its static and simplified dynamic voltage-current characteristics. The simulation results show [...]
 
Innovative magnetic systems of electrical machines
 
Anatolij AFONIN  
Results of research on magnetic systems of electrical machines with outer, inner and double rotor are presented. The approaches to combined magnetic system design with changing magnetization vectors of permanent magnets have been proposed. Magnetic systems allow realizing the sinusoidal or trapezoidal waveform of the magnetic field distribution in the air gap of cylindrical type electrical machi[...]
 
Interactive framework for modeling and analysis
 
Peter FABO  Andrea SIROKA  Dusan MAGA  Peter SIROKY  
In this paper the interactive simulator will be presented. The main emphasis is put on methods of simulation implemented into this simulator platform. Three kinds of simulation methods will be described. The first method is discrete simulation in real time or virtual time, the second is simulation controlled by events and the last is single-step and multi-step method. Streszczenie. W artykule t[...]
 
Investigation of the temperature influences on capacitive sensor materials
 
Stefan GEBHARDT  Gernot SCHEINERT  Hermann UHLMANN  
The temperature influence on dielectric materials for capacitive proximity sensors is investigated. The thermal sensor characteristic depends on different effects that were separated by means of FEM field simulations and measurements. Permittivity and thermal expansion coefficient and its interaction are important effects for the thermal sensor behaviour. The results show their interaction and g[...]
 
Level Set method and material derivative concept in optimal shape design
 
Przemysław BEROWSKI  Magdalena STASIAK  Anna KWIATKOWSKA  Jan SIKORA  
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Longitudinal space charge impedance in linac structures
 
Sebastian LANGE  Markus CLEMENS  Martin DOHLUS  Torsten LIMBERG  
The longitudinal phase space is a design criterion of linear accelerators (linacs) and linac based light sources. Collective phenomena in linear accelerators are effects caused by a large number of particles inside the beam. The self fields of the bunch act on the particles in the beam and change their distribution. These fields are characterized by longitudinal space charge impedance. Streszcz[...]
 
Magnetoelastic methods principle and practical applications
 
Peter FABO  Peter SIROKY  
The hysteresis loop is the basic characteristic of a ferromagnetic material. Further magnetic properties, such as the total and incremental permeability in working point, can be deduced from the hysteresis loop. Some applications of magnetoelastic method will be presented too. Streszczenie. Pętla histerezy jest podstawową charakterystyką materiału ferromagnetycznego. Pozostałe własności, takie j[...]
 
Mathematical polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell model
 
Christian SIEGEL  George BANDLAMUDI  Angelika HEINZEL  
A non-isothermal model of a low temperature polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell is presented. The model is based on conservation equations coupled along with physical, electrochemical and empirical expressions. The model focuses on the implemented electrical subsystem. The simulation results are compared with experimental life test investigations. The model can so be used for parametric studi[...]
 
Minimization of torque pulsation in slotted PM machines with magnetic wedges
 
Marcin WARDACH  
The paper presents chosen results of magnetic circuit in electrical machines with permanent magnets simulating research. In this circuit the magnetic wedges which close slots with windings have been provided. In analyzed structure of magnetic circuit first wedge's magnetic permeability have been changed and then electromagnetic and cogging torque value have been examined. Because of that a[...]
 
Modeling and transient analysis of the linear induction motors by detailed structural schemes
 
Piotr SZYMCZAK  
The paper reports a new method of transient analysis of Linear Induction Motors (LIM) that is based on detailed electrical and magnetic equivalent circuits. To minimize computation time detailed structural schemes (DSS) are introduced in the method. These schemes reflect physical processes of sequential conversions of electrical and magnetic energy into mechanical one at the output of the LIM. A[...]
 
Modified technique of FFT-based numerical inversion of Laplace transforms with applications
 
Lubomír BRANČÍK  
The paper presents a modified technique of numerical inversion of Laplace transforms based on FFT and quotient-difference algorithms and its Matlab implementation. The method enables to process general transforms of more complex variables and can therefore serve as a basis for inversion of multidimensional Laplace transforms. An application of the method is illustrated by getting matrix exponent[...]
 
Multi-path method by using shear horizontal wave for defect size detection
 
Yusuke OHTSUKA  Naoki NAKAMURA  Masahiro NISHIKAWA  Yoshio UEDA  
A new method to determine the defect size by the estimation of the multi-path signals was proposed. In this method, two parameters were determined from the amplitude variations of the received waves through the multi-path. As a result, the real defect depths of 3 mm and 5 mm were evaluated as 3.2 mm and 4.6 mm from dy/dx of the fitting lines by least-squares method. Both results were achieved wi[...]
 
New finite element based optimal current control of New finite element based optimal current control of
 
Hardo MAY  Katsuya NISHIKAWA  Nicolai LESCOW  Wolf-Ruediger CANDERS  
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Numerical calculation of electrostatic forces in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
 
Michael GREIFF  Uzzal Binit BALA  Josefine FREITAG  Wolfgang MATHIS  
Since the forces are one of the main parts of the interface between mechanical and electrical part, their calculation plays an important role in the simulation of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS). In this paper an approach for the numerical calculation of electrostatic forces in MEMS is presented and applied to an electrostatic force microscope (EFM). Streszczenie. Siła jest głównym elem[...]
 
Numerical computation of electric fields including singularities in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
 
Michael GREIFF  Matthias MAISCHAK  Uzzal Binit BALA  Wolfgang MATHIS  Ernst Peter STEPHAN  
In the simulation of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) the calculation of electric fields plays an important role. In many cases electric fields near corners have to be calculated. Since in these cases the singular behavior has to be taken into account they deserve special attention. An augmented finite element approach is presented and applied to an electrostatic force microscope (EFM). [...]
 
Numerical simulation of eddy current problems in magnetic induction tomography
 
Stanisław GRATKOWSKI  Ryszard PAŁKA  Piotr BANIUKIEWICZ  Mieczysław KOMOROWSKI  Krzysztof STAWICKI  
Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a non-invasive technique for mapping the electrical properties of tissues. MIT is based on the measurement of perturbations of an alternating magnetic excitation field by the eddy currents induced in a conducting object exposed to the field. In this paper a simulation study of MIT is presented. Different aspects of using the finite element method to solve t[...]
 
Optimization of electric field in contacts on example of making switch
 
Stanisław KULAS  Łukasz KOLIMAS  
The environment of insulating system in which making switch functions is air and atmospheric pressure. Air is applied as isolation and as extinguisher. The object of theoretical analysis of the area of insulating contact system is to assess a diversity of electric field in contact gap. The aim of theoretical analysis is to find in making switch, areas which have the biggest sensitivity to breakd[...]
 
Optimization of short-circuit power in industrial substations
 
Olgierd MAŁYSZKO  Paweł SZWED  Michał ZEŃCZAK  
Short-circuit power in industrial substations is very essential operating information. On one hand side the lower short-circuit power, the lower requirements for equipment. On the other hand the higher level of short-circuit power, the higher value of effectiveness of voltage regulation, easier induction-motor start, lower voltage drop and easier identification of short-circuits by overcurrent p[...]
 
Parallel computations of multiphase electromagnetic systems
 
Jakub KOŁOTA  Jakub SMYKOWSKI  Sławomir STĘPIEŃ  Grzegorz SZYMAŃSKI  
In this paper an effective approach for parallel computations of multiphase electromagnetic systems is presented. This method is used to accelerate solving of multiphase models using socket interface algorithm. Discussed algorithm has been examined in example of 3D FE three-phase transformer. Streszczenie. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została efektywna metoda na zrównoleglenie obliczeń d[...]
 
Phase characteristics of resonant contactless high power supplies
 
Jürgen MEINS  Robert CZAINSKI  Faiçal TURKI  
High frequency power supply is used for inductive heating and contactless inductive power supplies. The experience with resonant inverters for several power classes has shown that those with the higher power (more than 100 kW) may be negatively influenced by the phase difference between voltage and current. The phase response of the inverter load circuit is complicated and depends on many parame[...]
 
Portable system for eddy current nondestructive evaluation
 
Tomasz CHADY  Jacek KOWALCZYK  Przemysław ŁOPATO  Grzegorz PSUJ  Piotr BANIUKIEWICZ  
In this paper a new measurement system built for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of conducting materials is described. It is based on PXI standard portable computer. Configuration of the hardware components currently used in the system and structure of the software is presented. Streszczenie. W artykule opisany został system pomiarowy do elektromagnetycznego testowania materiałów przewod[...]
 
Probabilistic representations of active currents
 
Dariusz GRABOWSKI  Janusz WALCZAK  
An optimization method for active current determination in the case of systems with stochastic waveforms has been proposed in the paper. The active current for an ideal and non-ideal source-load system in which current is a normal stochastic process has been calculated. The results have been analyzed and their interpretation has been given. Theoretical considerations have been illustrated by an [...]
 
Properties of different representations of electroretinograms
 
Tomasz ROGALA  Andrzej BRYKALSKI  
This paper discusses an application of classification algorithms for electroretinogram identification. These signals are 1-D electrical responses of human retina for a light stimulus and are used in ophthalmology for diagnostic purposes. The authors studied the application of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for distinction between healthy and pathological recordings. Three different representations[...]
 
Recent applications of electromagnetic nondestructive testing at power plants
 
Stan KAMINSKI  Eugene REINHART  
The electromagnetic nondestructive testing (NDT) method referred to as Eddy Current Testing (ECT, ET) has been used for the inspection of critical power plant equipment such as turbine blades, electric generator rotors and retaining rings and tubular heat exchangers. Single and multifrequency ET techniques have been combined with automated computer-based NDT systems to provide the field inspecto[...]
 
Recognition of disturbances patterns correlated to equipment
 
Tadeusz ŁOBOS  Przemysław JANIK  Zbigniew WACŁAWEK  
This paper presents a neural network and neuro-fuzzy approach to power quality assessment. Electrical equipment susceptibility to disturbances varies from type to type. Additionally, not only one physical phenomenon (e.g. harmonics) can cause equipment malfunctioning or damage, but more likely a superposition of some different disturbances. On the contrary, some disturbance levels higher than in[...]
 
Reduction of eddy current losses by 2D-segmentation
 
Meinolf KLOCKE  
The paper discusses the influence of a combined longitudinal and transversal segmentation of magnetic cores on eddy current losses based on an analytical solution of the underlying partial differential equation in the time-harmonic regime. Such a segmentation is often used for permanent magnets in brushless synchronous machines in order to reduce losses generated by field harmonics of higher fre[...]
 
Signal transmission characteristic of power distribution systems on ships for frequencies up to 500 kHz
 
Günter ACKERMANN  Hicham DAKIR  
The analysis of the characteristics of power distribution systems on ships is presented. The multiconductor line theory is used for modeling the typical configurations. The model parameters of the line are numerically calculated and experimentally validated. Proximity effect, inhomogeneity of the medium and shield coupling are taken into account. Using the developed model the influence of shield[...]
 
Statistic characteristics of BFSK signal in the presence of Gaussian noise
 
Mihajlo STEFANOVIĆ  Dragana KRSTIĆ  Milos BANDJUR  Djoko BANDJUR  
In this paper we will consider the system for noncoherent demodulation of BFSK signal in the presence of Gaussian noise. We will derive the probability density function of BFSK receiver output signal and the joint probability density function of the output signal and its derivative in order to view the influence of the Gaussian noise and fading on the performances of the BFSK system. Streszczen[...]
 
The estimation time of life and time of health for Ni-MH accumulator
 
Konrad SKOWRONEK  Piotr SZYMKOWIAK  
In this paper a new method of estimating time of work for Ni-MH accumulator were proposed. In comparison with other solutions this method works quite well without historic data of charge and discharge characteristics. Streszczenie. W artykule zaproponowano nową metodę estymacji czasu pracy ogniwa typu Ni-MH. W porównaniu z innymi rozwiązaniami metoda ta daje lepsze rezultaty przy braku danych h[...]
 
The method for identification of fotocell in real time
 
Konrad SKOWRONEK  Grzegorz TRZMIEL  
This paper describes the adaptation of the modified method of opinion the residuums in identification of state the photovoltaic cell. It was introduced the "window classifier" of conditions of work the tested the photovoltaic module as well as define the liminal coefficient of efficiency. Comparison got residuum with acceptable coefficient allow on effective opinion of state photo-cell in [...]
 
The position transducers with magnetic microsensors
 
George CĂRUNTU  Cornel PANAIT  
The present paper proposes an original solution to increase the efficiency of cardamic suspension which ensures the stabilization of horizontal position for gyrocompass and radar antenna. Two platforms that can spin simultaneously, but independent of each other, driven by two direct current reversible motors are used. The signals that determine the value of the engine supply voltage are given by[...]
 
Time-scaling of SISO and MIMO discrete-time systems
 
Bogdan GRZYWACZ  
The idea for time-scaling of output signals of linear and nonlinear SISO and MIMO discreet-time systems has been presented. It is shown, that algorithms for SISO discrete-time systems can be useful for scaling of MIMO ones, if so-called V-model of MIMO system can be determined and its SISO components can be scaled separately by equipping them with correctors processing the associated state varia[...]
 
Topographic Matching Pursuit of spatio-temporal bioelectromagnetic data
 
Maciej GRATKOWSKI  Jens HAUEISEN  Lars ARENDT-NIELSEN  Frank ZANOW  
A method for multichannel biomedical signal analysis was developed and is presented in this paper. The method is based on the Matching Pursuit algorithm. It creates approximations of spatiotemporal distributions of multichannel data using a relatively small number of components chosen from a very big and redundant set. The components are distributed both in time and space and their amplitude and[...]
 
Transient analysis of the induction machines at asymmetrical switching on the stator phase windings
 
Valery CHRISANOV  
The paper reports an analysis of asymmetrical energizing the induction motor (IM) with help of the different schemes applied for formation of the IM transientless start up. All models of the asymmetrical schemes are readily derived from a basic mathematical model of the IM in three phases reference frame. It is shown the slow transient of the IM magnetising current during start up is the major r[...]
 
ZnO thin film deposition with pulsed magnetron sputtering
 
Jan ZIAJA  
In this work, the pulse magnetron sputtering was applied to Zn-Bi-O thin films deposition. It was proved that the rate of metal target sputtering with argon model plasma was highest when using DC-M bias, while reactive sputtering of metal or oxide targets was most effective in the case of AC-M mode of biasing. The rates of material depositions were comparable or higher than those achievable with[...]
 

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