ELEKTRONIKA, ENERGETYKA, ELEKTROTECHNIKA ›
PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY ›
2008-8 |
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Prenumerata
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An analysis of the equation which is describing the spectral quality of photometer
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Irena FRYC 
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Photometers should have their spectral sensitivity compatible with the sensitivity curve of the human eye. In practice, it is not possible to
achieve a perfect matching to this spectral sensitivity. For quantitative determination of photometer spectral correction accuracy, the CIE
recommends application of an equation for expressing the value of the correction error f1
'. The analysis sho[...]
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Circadian energy in the theory and practice
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Jiří PLCH
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The contribution is to develop the effects of circadian energy as daily and artificial light on human factors. They placed some of the
practical implications stemming from ignoring the effects of the working activities and confronted with the current view, based on low energy
architecture. Furthermore, the contribution deals with the possibilities of how these effects can be evaluated and judged[...]
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Concavity and convexity of illumination
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Paweł BARANOWSKI Anna STAŃCZYK
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When estimating the convexity of illuminated surfaces the human mind uses schematic patterns. Discovering and investigating these
mechanisms is very important in the work of a lighting designer, as inappropriate illumination of architecture can cause unsuitable distortion of
surface's texture and give a caricatural look to the illuminated building. In this article we present the mechanisms of ob[...]
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Concept of healthy lighting systems
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Edmund LISAK Zbigniew TURLEJ Magdalena WASILEWSKA
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Latest development of knowledge about connection between artificial lighting and human endocrine system has induced lighting trade to
create the innovative solutions. Innovative lighting solutions should implement not only visual requirements but should also include running of human
biological clock. The healthy luminous environment in the buildings should include following factors: time (timing[...]
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Correction of spectral sensitivity error of photometers in luminous flux measurements
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Marek PÍPA
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One of the most important errors in measurements of the luminous flux is error of spectral sensitivity of photometrical devices. This error
can be multiplied by main auxiliary devices (goniophotometers, photometrical integrators) and by used standards (lamps). In this paper, we try to
explain how and when we can correct this error.
Streszczenie. Jednym z najważniejszych błędów przy pomiarach st[...]
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Creating luminous environment in interior
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Piotr PRACKI
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In this paper ways of illumination and lighting characteristics of luminous environment, at which desired impressions occur, are presented.
Opportunities of creating different luminous environments in an exemplary experimental room (virtual conference room) were analyzed. Different
luminous environments were achieved with the use of general lighting luminaires. Opportunities of changing the lumi[...]
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Criteria influencing a design of artificial lighting
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Josef LINDA Lukáš HURT
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By designing artificial lighting it is necessary to respect besides basic lighting technical and hygienic requirements also other important
requirements which are security, energy, economical, ecological and aesthetic criteria. All the mentioned criteria are related and influence each
other.
Streszczenie. Projektując oświetlenie należy respektować nie tylko podstawowe techniczne i higieniczne w[...]
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Daylight ensuring predictive buildings design
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Marián FLIMEL
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This article is about predictive building creation possibilities in environment from the daylight requirements point of view. Besides the
shading of new build buildings to already existing buildings, their impact to a workplace illumination is also mentioned. Economical consequences of
lowering daylight factor intensity are evaluated too.
Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości progno[...]
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Digital control methods of LED and LED lamps
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Grażyna GILEWSKA Marian GILEWSKI
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This paper presents an overview of digital control methods of LEDs that are currently available. There are a few methods of control: PWM
method, pulse level correcting method and digital control of RGB LEDs. Circuit’s examples of supply LED of every method are presented. Optical
frequency response of pulse driving LED is discussed. The questions of thermal and long time stabilization of LE[...]
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Elektroniczna stabilizacja parametrów świetlnych LED RGB
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Marian GILEWSKI Andrzej KARPIUK
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W publikacji przedstawiono koncepcję układu stabilizacji mocy wyjściowej i barwy LED RGB. Zaproponowano wykorzystanie idei pętli
sprzężenia fazowego, w której sygnałem zwrotnym jest promieniowanie optyczne. Układ zawiera: źródło sygnału odniesienia, detektor fazy, filtr
dolnoprzepustowy, przetwornik światło - częstotliwość, źródło prądowe sterowane napięciem oraz LED. W pracy przedstawiono wynik[...]
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Energy savings in public lighting
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Karel SOKANSKÝ Tomáš NOVÁK
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This article deals with possibilities of energy saving in the area of public lighting:achieving energy savings in the framework of particular
components of public lighting; the potential for savings in public lighting according to the size of towns and municipalities; benefits of hitherto realized
energy saving measures; overall evaluation of possibilities of energy saving
Streszczenie. W artyk[...]
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Evaluation of a tubular light guide model
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Jiří PLCH Jitka MOHELNÍKOVÁ
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The light guide is designed as the source of additional lighting for the staircase. The light guide of total length 45 m has small window
openings on the front side of its shell. These windows serve for illumination of staircase landings. The paper presents a method for evaluation of
internal illuminance in the designed building staircase. The evaluation was completed with help of laboratory lig[...]
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Illumination of historical objects from the view of an architect
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Beata POLOMOVÁ
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The growing number of illuminations of historical objects requires uniting attitudes towards their lighting (further illumination). The article
deals with explanation of architect’s attitude to illumination proposal. In the beginning he should create an idea of a concept and co-operate with
lighting technicians until the end of realisation. The key factor for illumination is cultural-histo[...]
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Illumination of selected buildings in Trencin
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Alfonz SMOLA
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Trencin, mentioned in the chronicles since 11th century is one of the oldest cities in Slovakia. It`s strategic position in close proximity to
three passes in the Carpathians, near trade routes made Trencin important place and administrative centre of the region. The night image of the city
is defined by the public illumination, that serves mostly for better visibility on the roads during night [...]
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Indirect lighting luminaires
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Rajmund STASIEWICZ
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This article outlines the possibility to analyse the distribution of luminous flux in indirect lighting luminaire while taking interreflections into
consideration. Modification of the way to split indicatrices of diffusion into 2 parts was proposed, which allowed to decrease the relative error of
illuminance intensity by between 10 and 16 times. Moreover, the precision of calculation of illumina[...]
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Indirect outdoor lighting
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Władysław DYBCZYŃSKI
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Various luminous-optical systems applied in outdoor fittings have been described. A method used for designing reflector shapes for
indirect street lighting fittings with better light efficiency (compared with present lighting fittings) has been presented. Such reflectors consist of
numerous elementary surfaces.
Streszczenie. Omówiono różne układy świetlno-optyczne stosowane w oprawach przeznacz[...]
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Issues of intelligent lighting in buildings
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Barbara MATUSIAK Piotr PRACKI
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The design issues of intelligent lighting systems were discussed in this paper. Both daylighting and electric lighting, as well as the
integration of these two were considered. The technological and technical aspects were mentioned too. The main challenges demanding better
solutions were pointed out. Health, comfort, energy efficiency and utility issues were included.
Streszczenie. W artykule o[...]
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Kolorymetr matrycowy w zastosowaniach praktycznych
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Piotr KAŹMIECZAK Wojciech MOĆKO
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Kolorymetr matrycowy jest urządzeniem stosowanym w pomiarach zaledwie od kilku lat. W referacie przedstawiono pokrótce budowę
i zasadę działania tego urządzenia oraz przykłady jego zastosowań praktycznych. Oprócz przykładów zaczerpniętych z literatury zaprezentowano
także wyniki badań przeprowadzonych za pomocą kolorymetru matrycowego opracowanego w Instytucie Transportu Samochodowego.
Abstract[...]
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Large scale variance of clear sky radiance/luminance due to unstable aerosol loading
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Miroslav KOCIFAJ
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The distribution of sky radiance under cloudless conditions is determined theoretically and numerically. To recognize the effect of aerosol
particles on spatial behaviour of sky radiance, the radiative transfer equation need to be solved exactly. It is shown that aerosol loading can
significantly influence the daylight availability even if the clear skies are exclusively considered. This implies[...]
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LCD, DLP planar lighting fitting
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Maciej ZAJKOWSKI Tomasz STALBOWSKI
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The LCD displays emit the luminous flux similar to lambertian emission and additionally allow to control the spectral distribution.
Conception of lighting fitting enabling the control of emitted luminous flux quantity and change of colorimetric parameters was presented.
Streszczenie. Wyświetlacze LCD emitują strumień świetlny w sposób zbliżony do lambertowskiego i dodatkowo pozwalają na sterowan[...]
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LEDs and their application in practice
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Sandra TABIŠOVA
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This paper handles with the properties and application of nowadays most forwarding light source, LED, particularly from the point of view
of lightning technology. There were done measurements on white, red and blue diodes.
Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono problematykę cech i zastosowań obecnie najbardziej rozwijających się źródeł światła, LED, zwłaszcza z
punktu widzenia techniki świetlne[...]
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Light distribution forming in LED luminaires
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Sławomir ZALEWSKI
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Electroluminescent diodes perfectly cooperate with monolithic optical elements based on total internal reflection such as massive
collimators and massive planar optical fibers. LED light should be inducted into luminaire elements in a way that internal reflections have appeared.
Suitable selection of dimension and shape of individual luminaire elements allows forming light distribution of the lu[...]
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Light flux decrease during the aging process of light sources
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Alfonz SMOLA
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Theme of this work is the issue of ageing of light sources. Information of ageing of particular light sources is one of the important when
designing lighting systems. If it is not known how the light flux of light sources changes during their life, it is impossible to determine correct
maintenance factor of the system. Every light-technical project must include maintenance factor. If it is assum[...]
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Light quality improvement for white electroluminescent diodes
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Andrzej PAWLAK Krzysztof ZAREMBA
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The light emitted by the white electroluminescent diodes (LEDs) is typically characterized by relatively high color temperature (daylight)
and low general color rendering index Ra (approximately 70). The conducted research resulted in a mixture of ten white light LEDs, two red-orange
light LEDs and one orange light LED, characterized by very good color rendering index Ra = 90 and color temperatu[...]
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Luminance maps measurement of LightGuides
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Zdislav ZWAK Miroslav KROPAC Jan MARTOCH
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LightGuides can play significant role in interior as well as exterior automotive lighting. Especially in exterior they offer great opportunities to
recognize trade mark and use unique design as signature of car makers. Additionally to legal requirements fulfillment, essential for LightGuides
appearance is their lit on homogeneity that can be very well judged by luminance map. This paper aims to [...]
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Measuring light pollution
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Balázs KRÁNICZ Zoltán KOLLÁTH Viktória GYUTAI
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Bigger and bigger parts of human societies realize that environment protection has to be handled seriously. Our environment cannot only
be polluted by too much carbon dioxide emission or dropping litter but also by undesired light emission. In the study it is analyzed which photometric
quantities are appropriate for describing the amount of light pollution and results of test measurements are de[...]
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Method of determination modal power distribution in step-index optical fibre
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Adam NIKOŁAJEW
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Luminous intensity of optical fiber's front surface depends on the number of modes, leaving it at specified angle and modal power
distribution inside the core. The number of modes is linear function of angle of emission. It was proved that modal power distribution inside the core
has the same character like luminous intensity distribution what enables simple its measurement. The most effec[...]
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Method of forming step-index optical fibre's luminous intensity
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Adam NIKOŁAJEW
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Change of spatial distribution of luminous flux emitted by step-index optical fibre can be performed by means of forming its front surface. If
fiber's front is lateral surface of the cone luminous flux is emitted into wider range of angles if inclination of surface increases. For angles of
inclination greater than 30' luminous flux emitted by fiber's front is delimited by intern[...]
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Mixing colours inside the optical fibre elements
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Jacek KUSZNIER
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Optical fibres are used to guide and shape the luminous flux from a light source. It is also important to achieve the target colour of the
guided light. This can be achieved by filtering the guided luminous flux, introduced by the light source or by additive colour mixing from a number of
constituent light sources. This article presents the construction, potential utilization as well as measurem[...]
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Non-pointed luminaires and their photometry
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Jan ŠKODA Petr BAXANT
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This paper deals with the dissipative system of luminous intensity curve measurement using modern photometers with CCD sensors.
There is also examining an analysis about error of lighting calculation where luminaires with real dimensions are used in comparison with pointed
luminaires. The characteristics for lights optimization is necessary to take into account mistakes because these mistakes ha[...]
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Obtrusive light measurement
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Tomáš NOVÁK František DOSTÁL
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The obtrusive light is understood as luminance of the night sky as well as any light that glares or radiates into locations where it is not
desired and causes so called light overlap. Moreover this sort of light increases the energy losses. In this study we consider the increase of
luminance of sky which causes sky glow that cause worse observation of stars. This is an obstruction mainly for ast[...]
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Opportunities to apply LED RGB systems in lighting
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Andrzej WIŚNIEWSKI
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This paper presents some selected types of light-emitting RGB diodes and the opportunities to produce white colour of light. Study results
on the opportunities to use the RGB diodes emitting white colour of light in lighting are presented too.
Streszczenie. Artykuł prezentuje wybrane typy diod elektroluminescencyjnych systemu RGB i możliwości wytwarzania światła barwy białej. W
artykule zawarta[...]
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Photometric data of luminaires and their proper application
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Petr BAXANT
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Paper deals with luminaires description problems, especially by photometric data in electronic exchange format, such as Eulumdat, and
describes problems, which these formats and data mean in a practice. Not only the most often used format Eulumdat, but photometric data in
general, are frequently incorrectly applied and lead to inaccurate interpretations of any attributes, for instance efficacy o[...]
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Photopic and scotopic luminous fluxes of different light sources
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Marek PÍPA
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Photopic luminous flux is well known for all light sources. But in lighting we can relatively often meet situation, when we must (or want)
calculate with scotopic vision. Then we need to know, what value of scotopic luminous flux have concrete light source. It is also good to know, which
of different light sources have better scotopic luminous efficacy. In this paper we deal with analyses of thi[...]
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Power quality in public lighting networks
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Peter JANIGA
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Public lighting is kind of lighting system with several specific aspects and parameters. On one hand the supply network influences public
lighting grids, on the other hand, circuits with ballasts and control gears in public lighting luminaires with a certain structure and topology containing
different types and wattages of lamps impacts backward to the supply network feeding there uncontrolled a[...]
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Practical aspects of application imaging elements in photometry
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Wojciech MOĆKO
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This paper describes tests of devices for illumination of rear registration plates and tests of headlamps with use of matrix luminance meter.
Measurement results was compared to reference methods. Results of compare shown that measurement methods with use of imaging elements
could be applied in practice.
Streszczenie. W referacie opisano zastosowanie matrycowego miernika luminancji do badania u[...]
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Quo Vadis? - Outdoor lighting Focusing on public lighting
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Péter SCHWARCZ
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Till the 90's, most of the communities expected safety and security from road lighting. How can we progress further outdoor lighting? At
2000's, the requirements of local authorities are more complex. Safety and security are still main functions of public lighting, but other objective like
reducing obtrusive light and make outdoor environment friendlier are more and more important. D[...]
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Results of laboratory measurements of index curves
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Przemysław TABAKA
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Results of laboratory measurements of index curves of selected reflecting materials have been presented. Measurements have been
applied for flat samples of materials utilized in luminaires design. All the reflecting samples have been shaped in square surfaces of the same
dimensions (60x60 mm). The measurements have been carried out in different surfaces with the angular step depending on the nat[...]
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Selected geometric problems of the light point figure determining using ray tracing
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Dariusz SAWICKI
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This paper presents geometric problems that occur in implementation of the ray tracing method to the light point figure of a headlight
simulation. The usage of normalized homogeneous coordinate system in position description of the headlight elements allows simplifying calculation
and avoiding numerical errors as well. From the other hand it facilitates also usage of the accelerating methods. Th[...]
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Selected problems of defining the luminous area of electroluminescent diodes
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Dariusz CZYŻEWSKI
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The article contains analysis of the area devoted to chosen electroluminescent diodes. The presented initial results of the research work
pointed to a considerable changeability of size, shape and luminance of the luminous area of LEDs for various directions of observation.
Streszczenie. Artykuł zawiera analizę obszaru świecącego w wybranych diodach elektroluminescencyjnych. Zaprezentowane wstęp[...]
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The concept of the wheeled vehicle's adaptive stop lamps operation
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Maciej ŁUKASIK
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The essence of concept of adaptive stop lamp is a creation of regulating system controlling the light source. It should take account of
certain optimum of external ambient and coming from the inside of lamp factors that influence the most visibility of stop lamp signal. One has to have
in mind that warning function of stop lamp bases on clear distinction from other signals emitted toward the rea[...]
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The dynamic mapping of luminance in analytical model of light source
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Sebastian SŁOMIŃSKI
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The basic analysis of reflectors simplifies the source of the light to the point model. Modelling with regard of the shape and size of the light
source (similar to real, described by the cuboids, cylinders, etc.- with the constant luminance on the whole surface) was the progress. Regard of the
complexity the shapes of light sources with the inconstant luminance on surface is the natural step for[...]
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The effects of artificial lights at the Zselic Landscape Protection Area
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Zoltán KOLLÁTH
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At the Zselic Landscape Protection Area an extensive program has been started to conserve the excellent night sky quality of the region. It
is expected that an International Dark Sky Park will be established, following the recommendations of the International Dark Sky Association. We
measured and modeled the artificial luminance of the night sky. The neighboring villages have negligible light po[...]
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The issue of environmental qualities of lighting
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Jiří HABEL Petr ŽÁK Tomáš SOUSEDÍK
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Lighting environment is generally characterized by quantitative parameters and quality indices, which mainly include spatial and spectral
qualities. The paper is focused on the spatial qualities of the lighting, their description, evaluation of subjective displays.
Streszczenie. Otoczenie świetlne jest charakteryzowane przez parametry ilościowe i wskaźniki jakościowe, przede wszystkim przestrzen[...]
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Właściwości fotometryczne wyświetlaczy LCD
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Maciej ZAJKOWSKI
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Artykuł prezentuje wyniki pomiarów fotometrycznych wybranych wyświetlaczy ciekłokrystalicznych w oparciu o skonstruowane
stanowisko do wyznaczania parametrów świetlnych struktur planarnych oraz parametrów elektrooptycznych ekranów LCD. Uzyskane wyniki posłużą
do oceny przydatności płaskich konstrukcji optycznych do celów oświetleniowych.". Autorzy proszeni są o przygotowanie tekstu zgodnie z pod[...]
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